Two-Port Network Parameter Converter

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Enter a 2-port in any of the five standard forms (Z, Y, h, g, ABCD). The page computes the other four live, checks reciprocity and symmetry, and visualizes a candidate T-network. Formulas verified against Sadiku §19.

Input form

Z parameters (open-circuit impedance)
V₁ = Z₁₁·I₁ + Z₁₂·I₂
V₂ = Z₂₁·I₁ + Z₂₂·I₂
col 1 col 2 row 1 row 2

Test networks

Click a preset to load its Z parameters. Then switch the form tabs to see how the same network looks in Y, h, g, ABCD.

Schematic (T-network candidate)

Approximated from Z₁₁, Z₁₂, Z₂₂: Z_a = Z₁₁ − Z₁₂, Z_b = Z₁₂, Z_c = Z₂₂ − Z₁₂. Other forms may not be realizable as a T-network.

All five parameter forms (live)

Reciprocity

Symmetry

Image parameters (from ABCD)

Conversion cheatsheet

Reciprocal (passive, linear, bilateral):
Z₁₂ = Z₂₁ Y₁₂ = Y₂₁
h₁₂ = −h₂₁ g₁₂ = −g₂₁
A·D − B·C = 1

Symmetric (Z₁₁ = Z₂₂ in addition):
Z₁₁ = Z₂₂ A = D
h₁₁·h₂₂ − h₁₂·h₂₁ = 1

Image impedances (from ABCD):
Z_{i1} = √(AB / CD)
Z_{i2} = √(BD / AC)
cosh(γ) = √(AD)